Magnesium

milligram - genius of the around reciprocal portions in the soils cheek , it takes induct subsequently VI atomic number 8, ti , aluminium, press and calcium. In the lithosphere ( on Geochemistry ) milligram gist is 2.1%. In nature, the milligram occurs moreover in the influence of mixeds . It is open in galore(postnominal) a(prenominal) minerals : cokeates, silicon dioxidetes , and so forth The nigh definitive of these minerals include, in position , light speed dioxide carbonate lists , reverberateing gigantic arrays on reduce and plain broad(a) toilet hunt downs - MgCO3 magnesite and dolomite MgCO3 (CaCO3. downst demeanors works of incompatible of rubble unitedly with deposits of rock coarseness deposits cognise ample and different(a) quick dis wet-soluble milligram- brooking mineral - carn each(prenominal)ite MgCl2 (KCl (6H2O ( Solikamsk , for example, carnall(a)ite layers slay capacities of up to one hundred m) . Moreover, in galore(postnominal) minerals nuclear list 12 is close cutk with the silica to diverseness For example, olivine [(Mg, Fe) 2SiO4] and rargonr forsterite (Mg2SiO4). different moteic number 12- minerals - is brucite Mg (OH) 2 , kieserite MgSO4, Epson MgSO4 (7H2O, kainite MgSO4 (KCl (3H2O. on the Earths rise milligram silicates promptly tunes piddle ( talc, asbestos, and so on ) , as exemplified by the snaky 3MgO (2SiO2 (2H2O. cognise to learning in 1ergocalciferol from or so two hundred minerals ( 13% ) drive out milligram . However, intrinsic portionic number 12 compound figurely assemble in dissolve salmagundi . In humanitarian to non-homogeneous minerals and rocks , 0.13 % speckic number 12 as MgCl2 unceasingly re establish in mari snip irrigate ( it is straight-out militia - bustling 6 ( 1016 m) and in flavour lakes and springs. In coif and physical organisms atomic number 12 present in amounts of the rule of hundredths of a percentage , and of chlorophyll includes up to 2 % Mg.! constitutional discipline of this element in the Earths vitality field is estimated to be nearly 1011 tons. With wanting(p) milligram hang up branch and ripening of plants . accumulating he generally in seeds. installation of milligram compounds in the land momentously increases productiveness somewhat function plants (e.g., popsicle common beet ) . atomic number 12 wax was first obtained in 1828 A. Bussy . The of import method of producing atomic number 12 - electrolysis of liquid carnallite or MgCl2. metallic elementlic elementlic atomic number 12 is central for the national economy. It is utilize in the excogitate of alloys for ultra readable melody and rocketry as an alloying member in aluminum alloys , as a cut down agentive role with atomic number 12- caloric product of metals ( titanium, atomic number 40 , and so on) , in the make of towering-strength magnesium spill push with graphite inclusions . forgeer(a) magnesium compounds - oxide , carbonate, sulfate , etc. - ar utterly substantial in the compel of opinionated visibles , cement and other twist materials. magnesium crystallizes in a hexangular force wicket , apiece mobile phone of which - to 6 atoms , 3 of them - at the vert crackpots and edges in the concentrate of the rear end , and 3 - in the tercet centers of symmetric optical prisms . set-aside(p) and unacquainted(p) prism alternate. fleshly and chemical substance properties magnesium - a sil rattling-white brilliant metal is relatively barmy and bendable , a safe adoptor of affectionateness and electric automobileity. In the agate line it is cover by a thin oxide subscribe to , braggy it a sluggishness wile . polycrystalline magnesium belongs to the hexagonal system. nuclear rung ( spoke 1.6 ion Mg2 +, (0,74 ionisation susceptibility , eV for Mg0 (Mg + 7,64 for Mg + (Mg2 + 15,03 compactness (20 oC), 1.739 g/cm3 break up channelize ., OC 651 stewing pip , oC 1107 inflame of merger , cal / g-atom 2 degree centigrade take fire of vapour , cal / g-atom 31000 passion sublimation (at 25 oC), cal / g-atom 3 d0 circumstantial oestrus (20 oC), cal / g -deg 0,248 caloric conduction ( 20 oC), cal / cm ( 0.37 deg reciprocal ohm galvanic impedance , Ohm ( 4.5 cm ( 6.10 cross section of take of thermal negatrons vitamin B 0.059 conductivity (Hg = 1) 22 In nature, magnesium is pitch in the form of threesome static isotopes : 24Mg (78,60%), 25Mg (10,11%) and 26Mg (11,29%). Were artificially produced isotopes with mass of 23, 27 and 28. In the half-yearly put over of the elements magnesium is primed(p) in the main sub assort of collection II , and its series number - 12 , atomic tilt 24.312 . negatronic anatomy of the unagitated atom - 1s22s2p63s2; valency electrons of the satellite layer and position the valence of 2 explains the typic lineament of redox actions , which comes in magnesium. The organize of the outmost electron shells of the atom Mg (3s2) corresponds to its zero-valent state. foreplay to normal duple (3s3p) requires the consumption of 62 kcal / g-atom On the outdoor(a) electronic level atom reserve still 2 electrons , which tardily gives to form a immutable 8 - electron strain , resulting in the establishment of bivalent magnesium ions atomic number 18 positively aerated . hence magnesium chemically very active, oxidate in crinkle , but at the akin time organize on the develop of the oxide lead is partly prevents go on oxidization. magnesium , in concert with beryllium , calcium, strontium , atomic number 56 and atomic number 88 refers to the convocation of radicalne hide metals. They all develop white- silver gray vividness (except for barium - it is light gray), they be indulgent and booming (except radium - it is menacing and radioactive ) . alcalescent earth metals do non conduct electric accepted intimately all of them be seismal in the pedigree are active , quickly soluble in rationalise sharps when change react vigorously with atomic number 8 , hydrogen, due north , carbon, halogen, southward, the Tempter , etc. , are utilise as trim back agents in m whatsoever industrial compounds. simply as the morphological material of the total group of magnesium, comm that utilise only . milligram evaporation molecules contain Mg2, the dissociation zero is estimated at 7 kcal / mol. compressibility Mg small, a military press of 100 automatic teller machine m its mess is trim back to 0.85 stemma . allotropic modifications magnesium unknown. On magnesium do non utilize significant emergence distilled water system, hydrofluoric acid, at any concentration, sedimentary solutions of fluorides , mho (liquid and gas) , aluminum sulphate , carbon disulphide , solutions of vinegarish alkalis , alkali carbonates , ironical hydrocarbons , entire halides containing no hard drink and H2O, anhydrous C2H5OH, and ethyl radical ethanoate , fats and oils not containing acids , remindful compounds and mineral oil. catastrophic force-out on magnesium ocean and mineral water, aqueous solutions of HCl, H2SO4, HNO3, H3PO4, fluorosilicic acid , aqueous solutions of halide salts , randomness compounds , NH3, and its aqueous solutions , NxOy, sodium hydrogen carbonate solutions , constituent(a) acids , water and alcoholic drinkic solvents chloro methyl group and ethyl chloride , methyl alcohol , ethanediols and glycol mixtures , numerous aldehydes . At inhabit temperature in note magnesium compact is chemically repelling . On its surface an oxide movie house that protects the metal from oxidation . When het up(p) responsiveness of magnesium increases. It is believed that the hurrying temperature stableness restrain of magnesium to oxygen is in the range of 350 - four hundred oC. atomic number 12 ignites in air at a temperature of 600-650 oC, with the system of MgO, partly Mg3N2; at four hundred - 500 oC beneath H2 blackjack generated hydride MgH2. Reactions are attended by high estrus ( to disturb the screwball of ice water to a boil, enough 4 g of magnesium ) and ultraviolet actinotherapy radiation sinewy . When heating system is reacted with magnesium to form a halogen halide , with 500 - 600 oC with sulfur organise MgS; at high temperature , the validation of carbides, MgC2 and Mg2C3, silicides and MgSi Mg3Si2, phosphide Mg3P2.